Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is a non-freezing cold injury that develops when the feet are exposed to wet and cold conditions for an extended period of time. This condition gained recognition during wartime, but remains relevant today in outdoor workers, athletes, and individuals exposed to damp environments. Prolonged moisture weakens the skin barrier and disrupts circulation, leading to tissue damage. Unlike frostbite, trench foot can occur in temperatures above freezing, making awareness essential for prevention and early care. Understanding this condition supports better foot health and reduces the risk of long term complications.

The symptoms of trench foot often begin with tingling, itching, or a burning sensation in the feet. As the condition progresses, the skin may appear pale, wrinkled, or waterlogged. Swelling and pain can develop, along with redness, once circulation begins to return. In more advanced stages, blisters, open sores, and skin breakdown may occur, increasing the risk of infection. Some individuals also experience numbness or heaviness in the affected area. Recognizing these symptoms early is important to prevent further damage and support proper recovery.

Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing trench foot. Prolonged exposure to wet socks, damp shoes, or standing water is the primary cause. Cold weather conditions combined with poor foot hygiene further contribute to the risk. Wearing tight footwear that restricts circulation can worsen the condition, as can limited mobility or prolonged standing. Individuals with poor circulation or underlying health conditions may be more vulnerable. Understanding these risk factors helps guide preventive strategies and supports overall foot care in challenging environments.

The main cause of trench foot is sustained exposure to moisture and cold, which leads to constricted blood vessels and reduced oxygen supply to the tissues. This combination damages the skin and underlying structures over time. Preventive care includes keeping feet clean and dry, changing socks regularly, and wearing properly fitted water resistant footwear. Early intervention is essential to avoid complications such as infection or tissue damage. If you have symptoms of trench foot, it is suggested you consult a podiatrist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Foot Pain

Foot pain can be extremely painful and debilitating. If you have a foot pain, consult with Jennifer M. Kern, DPM from South Carolina. Our doctor will assess your condition and provide you with quality foot and ankle treatment.

Causes

Foot pain is a very broad condition that could be caused by one or more ailments. The most common include:

• Bunions
• Hammertoes
• Plantar Fasciitis
• Bone Spurs
• Corns
• Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
• Ingrown Toenails
• Arthritis (such as Gout, Rheumatoid, and Osteoarthritis)
• Flat Feet
• Injury (from stress fractures, broken toe, foot, ankle, Achilles tendon ruptures, and sprains)
• And more

Diagnosis

To figure out the cause of foot pain, podiatrists utilize several different methods. This can range from simple visual inspections and sensation tests to X-rays and MRI scans. Prior medical history, family medical history, and any recent physical traumatic events will all be taken into consideration for a proper diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment depends upon the cause of the foot pain. Whether it is resting, staying off the foot, or having surgery; podiatrists have a number of treatment options available for foot pain.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in West Columbia, SC . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Plantar fasciitis is a foot condition in which the plantar fascia ligament, which connects the heel bone to the toes, becomes inflamed, typically due to injury from overuse. The most common symptom of plantar fasciitis is pain in the heel and the arch of the affected foot. If you have this condition, performing certain stretches may help aid in your recovery from plantar fasciitis. The gastroc stretch helps stretch out the gastroc muscle and Achilles tendon. The soleus stretch helps stretch the soleus muscle and Achilles tendon. The flexor hallicus longus stretch helps stretch the bottom of the foot, inside of the ankle, and back of the calf. To learn more about how stretching can help you in your recovery from plantar fasciitis, please speak with a podiatrist. 

Plantar fasciitis can be very painful and inconvenient. If you are experiencing heel pain or symptoms of plantar fasciitis, contact Jennifer M. Kern, DPM  from South Carolina. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

What Is Plantar Fasciitis?

Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of the thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of your foot, known as the plantar fascia, and causes mild to severe heel pain.

What Causes Plantar Fasciitis?

• Excessive running
• Non-supportive shoes
• Overpronation
• Repeated stretching and tearing of the plantar fascia

How Can It Be Treated?

• Conservative measures – anti-inflammatories, ice packs, stretching exercises, physical therapy, orthotic devices
• Shockwave therapy – sound waves are sent to the affected area to facilitate healing and are usually used for chronic cases of plantar fasciitis
• Surgery – usually only used as a last resort when all else fails. The plantar fascia can be surgically detached from the heel

While very treatable, plantar fasciitis is definitely not something that should be ignored. Especially in severe cases, speaking to your doctor right away is highly recommended to avoid complications and severe heel pain. Your podiatrist can work with you to provide the appropriate treatment options tailored to your condition.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in West Columbia, SC . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Ankle arthritis is a condition where the cartilage in the ankle joint gradually wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced movement. It can develop from previous injuries such as fractures or sprains, or from long-term wear and tear on the joint. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also contribute to its development. Common symptoms include swelling, aching pain when walking, and stiffness that is often worse in the morning or after rest. Some people may notice difficulty with daily activities like climbing stairs or standing for long periods. Risk factors include aging, repetitive joint stress, obesity, and prior ankle trauma. Over time, the condition can progress and affect mobility if not properly managed. A podiatrist can evaluate joint damage, order imaging, and provide treatments to reduce pain and improve function. If you have symptoms of ankle arthritis, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can offer appropriate relief and management tips. 

Arthritis can be a difficult condition to live with. If you are seeking treatment, contact Jennifer M. Kern, DPM from South Carolina. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Arthritic Foot Care  

Arthritis is a joint disorder that involves the inflammation of different joints in your body, such as those in your feet. Arthritis is often caused by a degenerative joint disease and causes mild to severe pain in all affected areas. In addition to this, swelling and stiffness in the affected joints can also be a common symptom of arthritis.

In many cases, wearing ill-fitting shoes can worsen the effects and pain of arthritis. Wearing shoes that have a lower heel and extra room can help your feet feel more comfortable. In cases of rheumatoid arthritis, the arch in your foot may become problematic. Buying shoes with proper arch support that contour to your feet can help immensely.

Alleviating Arthritic Pain

• Exercises that stretch the foot can prevent further pain and injury and increase mobility
• Most of the pain can be alleviated with anti-inflammatory drugs, heat, and topical medications
• Massages can help temporarily alleviate pain.

It is best to see your doctor for the treatment that is right for your needs and symptoms. Conditions vary, and a podiatrist can help you determine the right method of care for your feet.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in West Columbia, SC . We offer the newest diagnostic tools and technology to treat your foot and ankle needs.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it travels along the inside of the ankle. This pressure can disrupt normal nerve signals and lead to ongoing discomfort. People with this condition may notice burning, tingling, or shooting pain that travels into the heel, arch, or toes. Symptoms can worsen with activity or prolonged standing, and may feel similar to other foot conditions. Causes often include swelling, injury, flat feet, or structural changes that place stress on the nerve. Untreated compression can lead to increased pain and reduced function. A podiatrist can perform a detailed evaluation, identify the source of pressure, and provide targeted treatment to relieve nerve irritation. If symptoms continue or worsen, it is strongly suggested that you consult a podiatrist for an accurate diagnosis and expert care.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome can be very uncomfortable to live with. If you are experiencing tarsal tunnel syndrome, contact Jennifer M. Kern, DPM of South Carolina. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal tunnel syndrome, which can also be called tibial nerve dysfunction, is an uncommon condition of misfiring peripheral nerves in the foot. The tibial nerve is the peripheral nerve in the leg responsible for sensation and movement of the foot and calf muscles. In tarsal tunnel syndrome, the tibial nerve is damaged, causing problems with movement and feeling in the foot of the affected leg.

Common Cause of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

• Involves pressure or an injury, direct pressure on the tibial nerve for an extended period of time, sometimes caused by other body structures close by or near the knee.
• Diseases that damage nerves, including diabetes, may cause tarsal tunnel syndrome.
• At times, tarsal tunnel syndrome can appear without an obvious cause in some cases.

The Effects of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

• Different sensations, an afflicted person may experience pain, tingling, burning or other unusual sensations in the foot of the affected leg.
• The foot muscles, toes and ankle become weaker, and curling your toes or flexing your foot can become difficult.
• If condition worsens, infections and ulcers may develop on the foot that is experiencing the syndrome.

A physical exam of the leg can help identify the presence of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Medical tests, such as a nerve biopsy, are also used to diagnose the condition. Patients may receive physical therapy and prescriptive medication. In extreme cases, some may require surgery.

If you have any questions please contact our office located in West Columbia, SC . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.